By the 10th century most of Europe was under the rule of Christian monarchs who made Christianity the religion of their realms. This, however, left a privileged niche for Jews in the new order. The Catholic Church forbade Christians from charging interest to fellow Christians; therefore only source of loans were non-Christians such as Jews. While this status did not always lead to peaceful conditions for the Jewish people, they were the most compatible non-Christians for the position due to their shared devotion to the Abrahamic God. While many Jews rose to prominence in these times, Judaism was mostly practiced in private to avoid persecution.
Flesch in Swabia
First found in Swabia (Alsace-Lorraine) where it is thought to have first emerged. The first known bearer of the name was Johann Flesch, who was a resident of Rappoltsweiler,Alcase in 1389.(Today Ribeauvillé 47 mi south of Strasbourg.) The young Flesch family played a major role in the early history of the region and contributed greatly to the development of the medieval Swabian society.The synagog was build in 1311.
Outside of Germany & Switzerland, many Swabians (mainly Jews) settled in Hungary, including part of what is now Serbia; and
First found in Swabia (Alsace-Lorraine) where it is thought to have first emerged. The first known bearer of the name was Johann Flesch, who was a resident of Rappoltsweiler,Alcase in 1389.(Today Ribeauvillé 47 mi south of Strasbourg.) The young Flesch family played a major role in the early history of the region and contributed greatly to the development of the medieval Swabian society.The synagog was build in 1311.
Outside of Germany & Switzerland, many Swabians (mainly Jews) settled in Hungary, including part of what is now Serbia; and
Famous Flesch
Rudolf Flesch (8 May 1911 – 5 October 1986) was an author, readability expert, and writing consultant who was an early and vigorous proponent of plain English in the United States. He created the Flesch Reading Ease test and was co-creator of the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test. He was raised in Austria and finished university there, studying law. He then moved to the United States and entered a graduate program at Columbia University, where he earned a Ph.D in English. Flesch was born in Vienna, Austria. He fled to the United States to avoid the imminent invasion of the Nazis, to avoid Jewish prosecution.
Carl Flesch (Flesch Károly, 9 October 1873 – 14 November 1944) was a violinist and teacher.
Ella Flesch (1900-1957) known singer
Stephen Alexander Flesch(1942) author from Sounth Africa
Famous Swabians
Friedrich Adler (artist) (Jugendstil and Art Deco designer)
Roland Asch (race driver)
Dieter Baumann (Olympic gold medalist and anti-doping activist)
Götz von Berlichingen ("the knight with the iron fist")
Robert Bosch (inventor, industrialist and philanthropist)
Gottlieb Daimler (developer of the second modern car (presented November 1886), 10 months after Karl Benz' patent of January 29, 1886. Founder of Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, today: Daimler)
Josef Eberle (Swabian Poet who versed Swabian poems)
Albert Einstein (physicist, Nobel laureate)
Siegfried Einstein (poet)
Georg Elser (tried to assassinate Adolf Hitler in Munich in 1939)
Roland Emmerich (Hollywood director)
Gudrun Ensslin (a founder of the German terrorist group Red Army Faction or RAF, a.k.a. the Baader-Meinhof Gang)
Johann Georg Faust (protagonist of tales and dramas)
Wilhelm Groener (railroad chief in the German General Staff, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Defense, and acting Minister of the Interior in the Weimar Republic)
Erich Hartmann (highest-scoring ace of WWII, 352 victories)
Wilhelm Hauff (poet)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (philosopher)
Martin Heidegger (philosopher)
Ernst Heinkel (air designer)
Hermann Hesse (poet, writer, 1946 Nobel laureate for Literature)
Theodor Heuss (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Friedrich Hölderlin (poet)
Friedrich Gustav Jaeger (German officer during WWII who participated in an assassination attempt on Hitler)
Konrad von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Ulrich von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Johannes Kepler (astronomer and mathematician)
Justinus Kerner (poet)
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer (biologist)
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Jürgen Klinsmann (football (soccer) player and former coach of the German national team)
Carl Laemmle (founder of Universal Studios in Hollywood)
Joachim Löw (football (soccer) player and current coach of the German national team)
Ottmar Mergenthaler (inventor of the linotype)
Eduard Mörike (poet)
Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the family originally came from Swabia
Reinhold Nägele (WWI soldier, painter)
Johannes Nauclerus (historian, university rector/chancellor)
Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer (theologian, philosopher and patron of Hegel)
Erwin Rommel (World War II general)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (philosopher)
Friedrich Schiller (historian and writer,Wilhelm Tell, Die Räuber, Maria Stuart," Ode an die Freude"/"Ode to Joy")
Harald Schmidt (late-night talk show host)
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (highest scoring Nightfighter ace of WWII, 121 victories)
Hans Schober (structural engineer)
Hans Scholl (founder of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Sophie Scholl (member of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Gustav Schwab (writer, most popular for "die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums")
Claus von Stauffenberg (leader of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler)
Margarete Steiff (toy maker)
Andreas Stihl (founder of Stihl Maschinenfabrik)
Ludwig Uhland (poet)
Richard Vogt (aircraft designer)
Richard von Weizsäcker (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Rudolf Flesch (8 May 1911 – 5 October 1986) was an author, readability expert, and writing consultant who was an early and vigorous proponent of plain English in the United States. He created the Flesch Reading Ease test and was co-creator of the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test. He was raised in Austria and finished university there, studying law. He then moved to the United States and entered a graduate program at Columbia University, where he earned a Ph.D in English. Flesch was born in Vienna, Austria. He fled to the United States to avoid the imminent invasion of the Nazis, to avoid Jewish prosecution.
Carl Flesch (Flesch Károly, 9 October 1873 – 14 November 1944) was a violinist and teacher.
Ella Flesch (1900-1957) known singer
Stephen Alexander Flesch(1942) author from Sounth Africa
Famous Swabians
Friedrich Adler (artist) (Jugendstil and Art Deco designer)
Roland Asch (race driver)
Dieter Baumann (Olympic gold medalist and anti-doping activist)
Götz von Berlichingen ("the knight with the iron fist")
Robert Bosch (inventor, industrialist and philanthropist)
Gottlieb Daimler (developer of the second modern car (presented November 1886), 10 months after Karl Benz' patent of January 29, 1886. Founder of Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, today: Daimler)
Josef Eberle (Swabian Poet who versed Swabian poems)
Albert Einstein (physicist, Nobel laureate)
Siegfried Einstein (poet)
Georg Elser (tried to assassinate Adolf Hitler in Munich in 1939)
Roland Emmerich (Hollywood director)
Gudrun Ensslin (a founder of the German terrorist group Red Army Faction or RAF, a.k.a. the Baader-Meinhof Gang)
Johann Georg Faust (protagonist of tales and dramas)
Wilhelm Groener (railroad chief in the German General Staff, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Defense, and acting Minister of the Interior in the Weimar Republic)
Erich Hartmann (highest-scoring ace of WWII, 352 victories)
Wilhelm Hauff (poet)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (philosopher)
Martin Heidegger (philosopher)
Ernst Heinkel (air designer)
Hermann Hesse (poet, writer, 1946 Nobel laureate for Literature)
Theodor Heuss (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Friedrich Hölderlin (poet)
Friedrich Gustav Jaeger (German officer during WWII who participated in an assassination attempt on Hitler)
Konrad von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Ulrich von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Johannes Kepler (astronomer and mathematician)
Justinus Kerner (poet)
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer (biologist)
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Jürgen Klinsmann (football (soccer) player and former coach of the German national team)
Carl Laemmle (founder of Universal Studios in Hollywood)
Joachim Löw (football (soccer) player and current coach of the German national team)
Ottmar Mergenthaler (inventor of the linotype)
Eduard Mörike (poet)
Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the family originally came from Swabia
Reinhold Nägele (WWI soldier, painter)
Johannes Nauclerus (historian, university rector/chancellor)
Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer (theologian, philosopher and patron of Hegel)
Erwin Rommel (World War II general)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (philosopher)
Friedrich Schiller (historian and writer,Wilhelm Tell, Die Räuber, Maria Stuart," Ode an die Freude"/"Ode to Joy")
Harald Schmidt (late-night talk show host)
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (highest scoring Nightfighter ace of WWII, 121 victories)
Hans Schober (structural engineer)
Hans Scholl (founder of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Sophie Scholl (member of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Gustav Schwab (writer, most popular for "die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums")
Claus von Stauffenberg (leader of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler)
Margarete Steiff (toy maker)
Andreas Stihl (founder of Stihl Maschinenfabrik)
Ludwig Uhland (poet)
Richard Vogt (aircraft designer)
Richard von Weizsäcker (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Flesch family site
Flesch WORLDWIDE network
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In the Iberian peninsula, (Hispania, comprising modern Portugal and Spain) from the most ancient times, Jews had lived peaceably in greater numbers than in the land of the Franks. The same good fortune remained to them when the Suevi,(Swabia) Alans, Vandals, and Visigoths occupied the land. It came to a sudden end when the Visigothic kings embraced Catholicism and wished to convert all their subjects to the same faith. And some Jews did, but those who remained in order to avoid persecution changed their names.
Romania (the Danube Swabians and Swabian Turkey) in the 18th century, where they were invited as pioneers to repopulate some areas. They also settled in Russia, Bessarabia, and Kazakhstan. Outside of Europe, Swabian settlements can also be found in Brasil, Canada, and the United States.
Some of the first settlers of the family name or some of its variants were: John Flesch who was naturalized in Missouri in 1848. William Flesch, who took an oath of allegiance in Philadelphia in 1856.
Some of the first settlers of the family name or some of its variants were: John Flesch who was naturalized in Missouri in 1848. William Flesch, who took an oath of allegiance in Philadelphia in 1856.
Many Jews yielded to compulsion in the secret hope that the severe measures would be of short duration. But they soon bitterly repented this hasty step; for the Visigothic legislation insisted with inexorable severity that those who had been baptized by force should remain true to the Christian faith. Consequently the Jews eagerly welcomed the Arabs when the latter conquered the peninsula in 711.
Those Jews who still wished to remain true to the faith of their fathers were protected by the Church itself from compulsory conversion.
Those Jews who still wished to remain true to the faith of their fathers were protected by the Church itself from compulsory conversion.
There was no change in this policy even later, when the pope called for the support of the Carolingians in protecting his ideal kingdom with their temporal power. Charlemagne, moreover, was glad to use the Church for the purpose of welding together the loosely connected elements of his kingdom when he transformed the old Roman empire into a Christian one, and united under the imperial crown all the German races at that time firmly settled.
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Flesch (Jews) in Swabia (Alsace-Lorraine)
